PAT Testing Explained: Who Needs It and How Often

PAT testing applies to electrical equipment that plugs into a socket – kettles, toasters, washing machines, lamps, extension leads, power tools and IT equipment. It involves a visual inspection of the plug, cable and casing, and for many items an electrical test with a PAT tester to check earth continuity, insulation resistance and polarity.

Each item is labelled with a pass or fail sticker and the date, and the results are recorded. Failed items should be taken out of use.

There isn't a law that says 'you must PAT test'. But there are legal duties to keep electrical equipment safe. Employers have duties under the Electricity at Work Regulations. Landlords must ensure appliances they provide are safe. In Scotland, private landlords are specifically required to carry out PAT testing on appliances they supply as part of regular electrical safety inspections. HMO licensing conditions in England and Wales often require it too.

In practice, PAT testing is the standard way to show you've met those duties. See landlord electrical safety rules.

The right interval depends on how the equipment is used and the risk. Frequent visual checks by users are as important as formal testing.

PAT testing doesn't check the fixed wiring in the building – sockets, circuits and the consumer unit. That's covered by an Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR). Landlords in England need an EICR at least every five years. See EICR explained. For extension leads and adaptors, see extension lead safety.

Many electricians offer PAT testing alongside EICRs and emergency lighting tests. See also emergency lighting explained.